微弱信号测量的一种实现方法

介绍了一种μＶ级微弱电信号测量的实现方法,给出了测量放大电路的具体设计以及信号采集与处理软件流程图．与传统测量方法相比,此测量方法所使用的仪器体积小,重构测量系统方便,可直接由计算机对信号进行分析,是目前信号测量的主要发展方向．     

Resource Dependence and Armed Violence: Impact on Sustainability in Developing Countries

The dependence on oil, gas, and mineral exports arguably has a negative impact on economic growth in resource-rich, developing countries. This article looks at the impact of resource dependence on adjusted net savings (ANS) as an indicator of weak sustainability. Our results, based on a panel of 104 developing countries during the recent commodity price boom, confirm a negative relationship between resource extraction and sustainable development as measured by ANS. We further look at the specific role of armed conflict and armed violence as captured by the homicide rate. Armed conflict, which is positively associated with resource dependence, negatively affects ANS per capita according to both our OLS and instrumental variables (IV) estimates. Similarly, armed violence has a detrimental effect on sustainable development. Our IV estimate suggests that a one-point increase in the homicide rate decreases ANS per capita by $60. Since education expenditures are a critical ANS component, we further examine the impact of resource dependence and violence on human capital. Consistent with previous findings, resource-dependent countries underinvest in education but armed conflict and violence do not affect the instantaneous share of education expenditures, hinting at a detrimental effect working through physical and social capital rather than education.     

可持续的建筑技术观

可持续发展是人类永恒的主题。建筑师有什么样的建筑观,比其具有怎样的技艺更为重要。特别是对建筑技术的态度,是决定其作品是否具有可持续性的关键因素。本文从可持续的观点出发,提出采用适宜技术,从适时、适地、适度三方面理解、创造适宜的建筑环境。这样的环境是一个开放系统,它可以根据自然环境的变化,经济文化的发展而调整、完善、更新,在可以预见的生命周期内最大限度地发挥作用。     

多阶段任务系统任务持续能力数学评价模型研究

分析了多阶段任务系统(PMS)及任务可靠度、可信度和任务效能等任务持续能力评价参数。结合实际装备系统大部分属于可用马尔可夫过程进行描述的可修复系统的特点,为简化模型复杂程度提出了一些合理的假设条件。针对两状态PMS,通过分析其状态转移关系,从阶段任务成功概率和阶段任务间转换概率的概念出发,分析给出其计算方法。结合对可信度和任务效能等参数的分析结果,建立其计算模型,从而建立了多阶段任务系统任务持续能力数学评价模型。最后结合常见的“靶场打靶”任务,通过对比仿真结果进行了模型的实例验证。     

AGENDA FOR DEFENSE AND PEACE ECONOMICS

This brief introduction celebrates the 20th Anniversary of the Journal, Defence and Peace Economics. Suggesting elements of an agenda for the future of this branch of economics, I raise several topics that are new and that seem to indicate that the field will expand and shift focus substantially in future years.     

美陆基中段导弹防御系统识别链

对美陆基中段导弹防御系统识别链的组成及性能进行了系统论述,分析了各组成环节功能和原理,分析了陆基中段导弹防御识别链系统的薄弱环节.     

Price and capacity decisions of service systems with boundedly rational customers

We consider price and capacity decisions for a profit‐maximizing service provider in a single server queueing system, in which customers are boundedly rational and decide whether to join the service according to a multinomial logit model. We find two potential price‐capacity pair solutions for the first‐order condition of the profit‐maximizing problem. Profit is maximized at the solution with a larger capacity, but minimized at the smaller one. We then consider a dynamically adjusting capacity system to mimic a real‐life situation and find that the maximum can be reached only when the initial service rate is larger than a certain threshold; otherwise, the system capacity and demand shrink to zero. We also find that a higher level of customers’ bounded rationality does not necessarily benefit a firm, nor does it necessarily allow service to be sustained. We extend our analysis to a setting in which customers’ bounded rationality level is related to historical demand and find that such a setting makes service easier to sustain. Finally we find that bounded rationality always harms social welfare.     

一种推广的连续情形经济投资模型

随着序列情形费用型投资模型和折扣投资模型的解决，本文对其进行连续推广，并给出一个明确的停止规则。     

Economic and environmental impacts of vertical and horizontal competition and integration

We explore the economic and environmental impacts of market structures (competition or integration at vertical and horizontal levels). We consider a bilateral duopoly consisting of two manufacturers and two retailers in which each manufacturer offers a wholesale price contract to the respective retailer. The manufacturers decide on wholesale prices and abatement efforts concerning pollution emissions related to manufacturing processes, whereas the retailers compete in quantities in the consumer market. To understand the comprehensive effects of market structures on economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability, we examine a measure of eco‐friendly social welfare, which is the ratio of social welfare and environmental pollution. Interestingly, we find that the market structures that have been believed to be more efficient are less efficient from a broader perspective: (1) double marginalization can generate higher eco‐friendly social welfare, and (2) horizontal competition between firms can result in lower eco‐friendly social welfare. Although vertical integration and horizontal competition yield greater social welfare by facilitating more production activities, these market structures often fail to induce sufficient abatement efforts to balance the polluting effect of the large volume, resulting in more significant environmental degradation. We also show that, despite the pollution‐curbing effect, higher emission penalties can result in less eco‐friendly social welfare. They can even curtail the abatement efforts of firms under particular circumstances. When products become more substitutable, the eco‐friendly social welfare can decrease depending upon the market structure.     

用环境伦理思想指导兵团经济可持续发展

工业文明在给人类带来物质繁荣的同时,又把人类引入了难以克服的自然、社会、环境灾难中,可持续发展应运而生.继承科技进步和生产力发展的文明成果,顺应世界经济一体化和西部开发的历史潮流,发挥兵团的制度和地域优势,用可持续发展战略推动兵团经济跨越式发展,理应成为兵团迎接西部开发的基本原则.